chgpasswd(8)

НАЗВА
chgpasswd - оновлення паролів груп у пакетному режимі

КОРОТКИЙ ОГЛЯД

chgpasswd [options]

ОПИС

The chgpasswd command reads a list of group name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a set of existing groups. Each line is of the format:

group_name:password

By default the supplied password must be in clear-text, and is encrypted by chgpasswd.

The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the ENCRYPT_METHOD variable of /etc/login.defs, and can be overwritten with the -e, -m, or -c options.

Цю команду призначено для використання у великих системних середовищах, де одночасно створюють багато облікових записів.

ПАРАМЕТРИ

The options which apply to the chgpasswd command are:

-c, --crypt-method
    Скористатися для шифрування паролів вказаним методом.

    The available methods are BCRYPT, DES, MD5, SHA256, SHA512, YESCRYPT and NONE if your libc supports these methods.

-e, --encrypted
    Надані паролі подано у зашифрованій формі.

-h, --help
    Показати довідкове повідомлення і завершити роботу.

-m, --md5
    Скористатися шифруванням MD5 замість DES, якщо надані паролі не зашифровано.

-R, --root CHROOT_DIR
    Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIR directory and use the configuration files from the CHROOT_DIR directory. Only absolute paths are supported. No SELINUX support.

-s, --sha-rounds
    Використати вказану кількість циклів шифрування паролів.

    You can only use this option with crypt method: BCRYPT SHA256 SHA512 YESCRYPT

    By default, the number of rounds for BCRYPT is defined by the BCRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and BCRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in /etc/login.defs.

    A minimal value of 4 and a maximal value of 31 will be enforced for BCRYPT. The default number of rounds is 13.

    By default, the number of rounds for SHA256 or SHA512 is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in /etc/login.defs.

    A minimal value of 1000 and a maximal value of 999,999,999 will be enforced for SHA256 and SHA512. The default number of rounds is 5000.

    By default, the number of rounds for YESCRYPT is defined by the YESCRYPT_COST_FACTOR in /etc/login.defs.

    A minimal value of 1 and a maximal value of 11 will be enforced for YESCRYPT. The default number of rounds is 5.

ЗАСТЕРЕЖЕННЯ

Не забудьте встановити права доступу або umask, щоб запобігти доступності до читання нешифрованих файлів сторонніми користувачами.

Вам слід переконатися, що паролі і метод шифрування відповідає правилам поводження з паролями у системі.

НАЛАШТУВАННЯ

The following configuration variables in /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this tool:

BCRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS (number), BCRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS (number)
    When ENCRYPT_METHOD is set to BCRYPT, this defines the number of BCRYPT rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line).

    With a lot of rounds, it is more difficult to brute force the password. But note also that more CPU resources will be needed to authenticate users.

    The values must be inside the 4-31 range.

    If only one of the BCRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS or BCRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS values is set, then this value will be used.

    If BCRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS > BCRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS, the highest value will be used.

    Note: this only affect the generation of group passwords. The generation of user passwords is done by PAM and subject to the PAM configuration. It is recommended to set this variable consistently with the PAM configuration.

ENCRYPT_METHOD (string)
    This defines the system default encryption algorithm for encrypting passwords (if no algorithm is specified on the command line).

    It can take one of these values: BCRYPT, DES (default), MD5, SHA256, SHA512, YESCRYPT. MD5 and DES should not be used for new hashes, see crypt(5) for recommendations.

    Note: this parameter overrides the MD5_CRYPT_ENAB variable.

    Note: this only affects the generation of group passwords. The generation of user passwords is done by PAM and subject to the PAM configuration. It is recommended to set this variable consistently with the PAM configuration.

MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP (number)
    Maximum members per group entry. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in /etc/group (with the same name, same password, and same GID).

    The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group.

    This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters.

    If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25.

    Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite). You should not use this variable unless you really need it.

MD5_CRYPT_ENAB (boolean)
    Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5-based algorithm. If set to yes, new passwords will be encrypted using the MD5-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of FreeBSD. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings. Set to no if you need to copy encrypted passwords to other systems which don't understand the new algorithm. Default is no.

    This variable is superseded by the ENCRYPT_METHOD variable or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm.

    This variable is deprecated. You should use ENCRYPT_METHOD.

    Note: this only affect the generation of group passwords. The generation of user passwords is done by PAM and subject to the PAM configuration. It is recommended to set this variable consistently with the PAM configuration.

SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS (number), SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS (number)
    When ENCRYPT_METHOD is set to SHA256 or SHA512, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line).

    With a lot of rounds, it is more difficult to brute force the password. But note also that more CPU resources will be needed to authenticate users.

    If not specified, the libc will choose the default number of rounds (5000), which is orders of magnitude too low for modern hardware.

    The values must be inside the 1000-999,999,999 range.

    If only one of the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS or SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS values is set, then this value will be used.

    If SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS > SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS, the highest value will be used.

    Note: this only affect the generation of group passwords. The generation of user passwords is done by PAM and subject to the PAM configuration. It is recommended to set this variable consistently with the PAM configuration.

YESCRYPT_COST_FACTOR (number)
    When ENCRYPT_METHOD is set to YESCRYPT, this defines the cost factor used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the cost factor is not specified on the command line).

    With a high cost factor, it is more difficult to brute force the password. But note also that more CPU resources will be needed to authenticate users.

    The value must be inside the 1-11 range.

    Note: this only affect the generation of group passwords. The generation of user passwords is done by PAM and subject to the PAM configuration. It is recommended to set this variable consistently with the PAM configuration.

ФАЙЛИ

/etc/group
    Відомості щодо груп облікових записів.

/etc/gshadow
    Відомості щодо захищених груп облікових записів.

/etc/login.defs
    Налаштування комплексу для роботи з прихованими паролями.

ДИВ. ТАКОЖ

gpasswd(1), groupadd(8), login.defs(5).