_R_R_D_G_R_A_P_H(1)                          rrdtool                         _R_R_D_G_R_A_P_H(1)

NNAAMMEE
     rrdgraph - Round Robin Database tool graphing functions

SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
     rrrrddttooooll  ggrraapphh||ggrraapphhvv  _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e  [_o_p_t_i_o_n ...]  [_d_a_t_a _d_e_f_i_n_i_t_i_o_n ...]  [_d_a_t_a
     _c_a_l_c_u_l_a_t_i_o_n ...]  [_v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _d_e_f_i_n_i_t_i_o_n ...]  [_g_r_a_p_h  _e_l_e_m_e_n_t  ...]   [_p_r_i_n_t
     _e_l_e_m_e_n_t ...]

DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
     The  ggrraapphh function of RRRRDDttooooll is used to present the data from an RRRRDD to a
     human viewer.  Its main purpose is to create a nice  graphical  representa‐
     tion, but it can also generate a numerical report.

OOVVEERRVVIIEEWW
     rrrrddttooooll ggrraapphh needs data to work with, so you must use one or more ddaattaa ddee‐‐
     ffiinniittiioonn statements to collect this data.  You are not limited to one data‐
     base,  it’s perfectly legal to collect data from two or more databases (one
     per statement, though).

     If you want to display averages, maxima, percentiles, etcetera it  is  best
     to  collect  them  now  using the vvaarriiaabbllee ddeeffiinniittiioonn statement.  Currently
     this makes no difference, but in a future version of RRDtool you  may  want
     to collect these values before consolidation.

     The data fetched from the RRRRAA is then ccoonnssoolliiddaatteedd so that there is exactly
     one  data  point  per pixel in the graph. If you do not take care yourself,
     RRRRDDttooooll will expand the range slightly if necessary. Note, in that case the
     first and/or last pixel may very well become unknown!

     Sometimes data is not exactly in the format you would like to  display  it.
     For instance, you might be collecting bbyytteess per second, but want to display
     bbiittss per second. This is what the ddaattaa ccaallccuullaattiioonn command is designed for.
     After  ccoonnssoolliiddaattiinngg the data, a copy is made and this copy is modified us‐
     ing a rather powerful RRPPNN command set.

     When you are done fetching and processing the data, it is time to graph  it
     (or print it).  This ends the rrrrddttooooll ggrraapphh sequence.

     Use  ggrraapphhvv  instead  of  ggrraapphh to get detailed information about the graph
     geometry and data once it is drawn. See the bottom of the document for more
     information.

OOPPTTIIOONNSS
   _ff_ii_ll_ee_nn_aa_mm_ee
     The name and path of the graph to generate. It is recommended to  end  this
     in ".png", ".svg" or ".eps", but RRRRDDttooooll does not enforce this.

     _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e can be ’"-"’ to send the image to "stdout". In this case, no other
     output is generated.

   TTiimmee rraannggee
     [--ss|----ssttaarrtt _t_i_m_e] [--ee|----eenndd _t_i_m_e] [--SS|----sstteepp _s_e_c_o_n_d_s]

     The  start  and end of the time series you would like to display, and which
     RRRRAA the data should come from.  Defaults are: 1 day ago until now, with the
     best possible resolution. SSttaarrtt and eenndd can be specified  in  several  for‐
     mats,  see "AT‐STYLE TIME SPECIFICATION" in rrdfetch and rrdgraph_examples.
     By default, rrrrddttooooll ggrraapphh calculates the width of one pixel in the time do‐
     main and tries to get data from an RRRRAA with that resolution.  With the sstteepp
     option you can alter this behavior.  If you want rrrrddttooooll ggrraapphh to get  data
     at  a  one‐hour  resolution  from  the RRRRDD, set sstteepp to 3’600. Note: a step
     smaller than one pixel will silently be ignored.

     For non‐image ----iimmggffoorrmmaatts see "OUTPUT FORMAT" in rrdxport for  details  on
     how this affects the output.

   LLaabbeellss
     [--tt|----ttiittllee _s_t_r_i_n_g]

     A  horizontal  string placed at the top of the graph which may be separated
     into multiple lines using <br/> or \n

     [--vv|----vveerrttiiccaall--llaabbeell _s_t_r_i_n_g]

     A vertical string placed at the left hand of the graph.

     [----vveerrttiiccaall--llaabbeell--aannggllee _d_e_g_r_e_e_s]

     Rotation of the ----vveerrttiiccaall--llaabbeell text, in degrees, counter clockwise.   The
     default  is set at compile time with the "RRDGRAPH_YLEGEND_ANGLE" configure
     variable and is 90, which makes the label read from the bottom up. Use  270
     to make it read from the top down.

     Only  the  space needed for an upright label is reserved next to the graph,
     so angles other than 90 and 270 may overlap their surroundings.

   SSiizzee
     [--ww|----wwiiddtthh     _p_i_x_e_l_s]     [--hh|----hheeiigghhtt     _p_i_x_e_l_s]      [--jj|----oonnllyy--ggrraapphh]
     [--DD|----ffuullll--ssiizzee--mmooddee]

     By  default,  the  width and height of the ccaannvvaass (the part with the actual
     data and such). This defaults to 400 pixels by 100 pixels.

     If you specify the ----ffuullll--ssiizzee--mmooddee option, the width  and  height  specify
     the  final  dimensions  of the output image and the canvas is automatically
     resized to fit.

     If you specify the ----oonnllyy--ggrraapphh option and set the height < 32  pixels  you
     will  get  a  tiny  graph image (thumbnail) to use as an icon for use in an
     overview, for example. All labeling will be stripped off the graph.

   LLiimmiittss
     [--uu|----uuppppeerr--lliimmiitt  _v_a_l_u_e]  [--ll|----lloowweerr--lliimmiitt  _v_a_l_u_e]  [--rr|----rriiggiidd]   [----aall‐‐
     llooww--sshhrriinnkk]

     By  default the graph will be autoscaling so that it will adjust the y-axis
     to the range of the data. You can change this behavior by  explicitly  set‐
     ting  the limits. The displayed y-axis will then range at least from lloowweerr‐‐
     lliimmiitt to uuppppeerr‐‐lliimmiitt. Autoscaling will still permit those boundaries to  be
     stretched  unless  the rriiggiidd option is set. aallllooww‐‐sshhrriinnkk alters behavior of
     rriiggiidd by allowing auto down scale, graph will not  overrun  user  specified
     limits.

     [--AA|----aalltt--aauuttoossccaallee]

     Sometimes  the default algorithm for selecting the y-axis scale is not sat‐
     isfactory. Normally the scale is selected from a predefined set  of  ranges
     and this fails miserably when you need to graph something like "260 + 0.001
     *  sin(x)".  This option calculates the minimum and maximum y-axis from the
     actual minimum and maximum data values. Our example would display  slightly
     less  than  "260-0.001" to slightly more than "260+0.001" (this feature was
     contributed by Sasha Mikheev).

     [--JJ|----aalltt--aauuttoossccaallee--mmiinn]

     Where "--alt-autoscale" will modify both the absolute maximum  AND  minimum
     values,  this option will only affect the minimum value. The maximum value,
     if not defined on the command line, will be 0. This option  can  be  useful
     when  graphing  router traffic when the WAN line uses compression, and thus
     the throughput may be higher than the WAN line speed.

     [--MM|----aalltt--aauuttoossccaallee--mmaaxx]

     Where "--alt-autoscale" will modify both the absolute maximum  AND  minimum
     values,  this option will only affect the maximum value. The minimum value,
     if not defined on the command line, will be 0. This option  can  be  useful
     when  graphing  router traffic when the WAN line uses compression, and thus
     the throughput may be higher than the WAN line speed.

     [--NN|----nnoo--ggrriiddffiitt]

     In order to avoid anti‐aliasing blurring effects RRDtool  snaps  points  to
     device  resolution pixels, this results in a crisper appearance. If this is
     not to your liking, you can use this switch to turn this behavior off.

     Grid‐fitting is turned off for PDF, EPS, SVG output by default.

   XX--AAxxiiss
     [--xx|----xx--ggrriidd _G_T_M::_G_S_T::_M_T_M::_M_S_T::_L_T_M::_L_S_T::_L_P_R::_L_F_M]

     [--xx|----xx--ggrriidd nnoonnee]

     The x-axis label is quite complex to configure. If you don’t have very spe‐
     cial needs it is probably best to rely on the  auto  configuration  to  get
     this  right. You can specify the string "none" to suppress the grid and la‐
     bels altogether.

     The grid is defined by specifying a certain amount of time in the _?_T_M posi‐
     tions. You can choose  from  "SECOND",  "MINUTE",  "HOUR",  "DAY",  "WEEK",
     "MONTH"  or  "YEAR".  Then you define how many of these should pass between
     each line or label.  This pair (_?_T_M_:_?_S_T) needs to be specified for the base
     grid (_G_?_?), the major grid (_M_?_?) and the labels (_L_?_?). For the  labels  you
     also  must  define  a precision in _L_P_R and a _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e format string in _L_F_M.
     _L_P_R defines where each label will be placed. If it is zero, the label  will
     be  placed  right  under  the  corresponding  line (useful for hours, dates
     etcetera).  If you specify a number of seconds here the label  is  centered
     on this interval (useful for Monday, January etcetera).

      --x-grid MINUTE:10:HOUR:1:HOUR:4:0:%X

     This  places  grid lines every 10 minutes, major grid lines every hour, and
     labels every 4 hours. The labels are placed under the major grid  lines  as
     they specify exactly that time.

      --x-grid HOUR:8:DAY:1:DAY:1:86400:%A

     This places grid lines every 8 hours, major grid lines and labels each day.
     The  labels are placed exactly between two major grid lines as they specify
     the complete day and not just midnight.

     [----wweeeekk--ffmmtt _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e _f_o_r_m_a_t _s_t_r_i_n_g]

     By default rrdtool uses "Week %V" to render the week number. With this  op‐
     tion  you  can  define  your  own format, without completely overriding the
     xaxis format.

   YY--AAxxiiss
     [--yy|----yy--ggrriidd _g_r_i_d _s_t_e_p::_l_a_b_e_l _f_a_c_t_o_r]

     [--yy|----yy--ggrriidd nnoonnee]

     Y-axis grid lines appear at each _g_r_i_d _s_t_e_p  interval.   Labels  are  placed
     every  _l_a_b_e_l  _f_a_c_t_o_r lines.  You can specify "-y none" to suppress the grid
     and labels altogether.  The default for this option is to automatically se‐
     lect sensible values.

     If you have set --y-grid to ’none’ not only the labels get suppressed, also
     the space reserved for the labels is removed. You can still add space manu‐
     ally if you use the --units-length command to explicitly reserve space.

     [----lleefftt--aaxxiiss--ffoorrmmaatttteerr _f_o_r_m_a_t_t_e_r_‐_n_a_m_e]

     Specify what formatter to use to render axis values.

     nnuummeerriicc
         The default, values are expressed as numeric quantities.

     ttiimmeessttaammpp
         Values are interpreted as unix  timestamps  (number  of  seconds  since
         1970-01-01  00:00:00  UTC) and expressed using strftime format (default
         is ’%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S’). See also ----uunniittss--lleennggtthh  and  ----lleefftt--aaxxiiss--ffoorr‐‐
         mmaatt.

     dduurraattiioonn
         Values  are interpreted as duration in milliseconds. Formatting follows
         the  rules  of  valstrfduration  qualified   PRINT/GPRINT.   See   rrd‐
         graph_graph.

     [----lleefftt--aaxxiiss--ffoorrmmaatt _f_o_r_m_a_t_‐_s_t_r_i_n_g]

     By  default the format of the axis labels gets determined automatically. If
     you want to do this yourself, use this option with the same  %lf  arguments
     you  know  from the PRINT and GPRINT commands, or others if using different
     formatter.

     [--YY|----aalltt--yy--ggrriidd]

     Place the Y grid dynamically based on the graph’s Y  range.  The  algorithm
     ensures that you always have a grid, that there are enough but not too many
     grid  lines, and that the grid is metric. That is the grid lines are placed
     every 1, 2, 5 or 10 units. This parameter will also  ensure  that  you  get
     enough  decimals  displayed  even if your graph goes from 69.998 to 70.001.
     (contributed by Sasha Mikheev).

     [--oo|----llooggaarriitthhmmiicc]

     Logarithmic y-axis scaling.

     [--XX|----uunniittss--eexxppoonneenntt _v_a_l_u_e]

     This sets the 10**exponent scaling of the y-axis values.  Normally,  values
     will  be  scaled  to  the appropriate units (k, M, etc.).  However, you may
     wish to display units always in k (Kilo, 10e3) even if the data is in the M
     (Mega, 10e6) range, for instance. Value should be an  integer  which  is  a
     multiple  of  3  between -18 and 18 inclusively.  It is the exponent on the
     units you wish to use. For example, use 3 to display the y-axis values in k
     (Kilo, 10e3, thousands), use -6 to display the y-axis values in  u  (Micro,
     10e-6,  millionths).  Use a value of 0 to prevent any scaling of the y-axis
     values.

     This option is very effective at confusing the heck out of the default RRD‐
     tool autoscaling function and grid painter. If RRDtool detects that  it  is
     not successful in labeling the graph under the given circumstances, it will
     switch to the more robust ----aalltt--yy--ggrriidd mode.

     [--LL|----uunniittss--lleennggtthh _v_a_l_u_e]

     How many digits should RRDtool assume the y-axis labels to be? You may have
     to  use  this  option to make enough space once you start fiddling with the
     y-axis labeling.

     [----uunniittss==ssii]

     With this option y-axis values on logarithmic graphs will be scaled to  the
     appropriate units (k, M, etc.) instead of using exponential notation.  Note
     that for linear graphs, SI notation is used by default.

   RRiigghhtt YY AAxxiiss
     [----rriigghhtt--aaxxiiss _s_c_a_l_e::_s_h_i_f_t] [----rriigghhtt--aaxxiiss--llaabbeell _l_a_b_e_l]

     A  second  axis  will be drawn to the right of the graph. It is tied to the
     left axis via the scale and shift parameters. You can also define  a  label
     for the right axis.

     [----rriigghhtt--aaxxiiss--llaabbeell--aannggllee _d_e_g_r_e_e_s]

     Rotation  of  the  ----rriigghhtt--aaxxiiss--llaabbeell  text, in degrees, counter clockwise.
     Defaults to the same value as ----vveerrttiiccaall--llaabbeell--aannggllee, so both  labels  read
     from  the bottom up. Use 270 to make the right hand label read from the top
     down, mirroring the left one.

     [----rriigghhtt--aaxxiiss--rraannggee _m_i_n::_m_a_x]

     Only label the right axis where its value lies between _m_i_n and _m_a_x.  Either
     end may be left empty to leave that direction unbounded, so "0:" suppresses
     labels below zero and ":100" those above one hundred.

     This is useful when the right axis carries a bounded quantity, a percentage
     say, while the left axis does not. Since the right axis  borrows  its  grid
     line positions from the left axis, it would otherwise be labelled with val‐
     ues such as "130 %" or "-20 %" whenever the two ranges do not line up.

     Note  that  only the _l_a_b_e_l is suppressed. The grid lines belong to the left
     axis and are drawn regardless, so a limited right axis will have unlabelled
     grid lines above or below its range.

     The range is compared against the value before any SI magnitude  factor  is
     applied,  that is against the number as scaled and shifted by ----rriigghhtt--aaxxiiss,
     not against the digits that end up printed.

     [----rriigghhtt--aaxxiiss--ffoorrmmaatttteerr _f_o_r_m_a_t_t_e_r_‐_n_a_m_e]

     Specify what formatter to use to render axis values.

     nnuummeerriicc
         The default, values are expressed as numeric quantities.

     ttiimmeessttaammpp
         Values are interpreted as unix  timestamps  (number  of  seconds  since
         1970-01-01  00:00:00  UTC) and expressed using strftime format (default
         is ’%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S’). See also ----uunniittss--lleennggtthh and  ----rriigghhtt--aaxxiiss--ffoorr‐‐
         mmaatt.

     dduurraattiioonn
         Values  are interpreted as duration in milliseconds. Formatting follows
         the  rules  of  valstrfduration  qualified   PRINT/GPRINT.   See   rrd‐
         graph_graph.

     [----rriigghhtt--aaxxiiss--ffoorrmmaatt _f_o_r_m_a_t_‐_s_t_r_i_n_g]

     By  default the format of the axis labels gets determined automatically. If
     you want to do this yourself, use this option with the same  %lf  arguments
     you  know  from the PRINT and GPRINT commands, or others if using different
     formatter.

   LLeeggeenndd
     [--gg|----nnoo--lleeggeenndd]

     Suppress generation of the legend; only render the graph.

     [--FF|----ffoorrccee--rruulleess--lleeggeenndd]

     Force the generation of HRULE and VRULE legends  even  if  those  HRULE  or
     VRULE will not be drawn because out of graph boundaries (mimics behavior of
     pre 1.0.42 versions).

     [----lleeggeenndd--ppoossiittiioonn=(north|south|west|east)]

     Place  the legend at the given side of the graph. The default is south.  In
     west or east position it is necessary to add line breaks manually.

     [----lleeggeenndd--ddiirreeccttiioonn=(topdown|bottomup|bottomup2)]

     Place the legend items in the given vertical order. The default is topdown.
     Using bottomup the legend items appear in the  same  vertical  order  as  a
     stack  of  lines  or  areas. Using bottomup2 will keep leading and trailing
     COMMENT lines in order, this might be useful for generators that  use  them
     for table headers and the like.

   MMiisscceellllaanneeoouuss
     [--zz|----llaazzyy]

     Only  generate  the  graph if the current graph is out of date or not exis‐
     tent.  Note, that all the calculations will happen regardless so  that  the
     output  of  PRINT and graphv will be complete regardless. Note that the be‐
     havior of lazy in this regard has seen several changes over time. The  only
     thing  you  can  really  rely on before RRDtool 1.3.7 is that lazy will not
     generate the graph when it is already there and up to date, and  also  that
     it will output the size of the graph.

     [--dd|----ddaaeemmoonn _a_d_d_r_e_s_s]

     Address of the rrdcached daemon. If specified, a "flush" command is sent to
     the  server  before reading the RRD files. This allows the graph to contain
     fresh data even if the daemon is configured to  cache  values  for  a  long
     time.   For  a list of accepted formats, see the --ll option in the rrdcached
     manual.

      rrdtool graph [...] --daemon unix:/var/run/rrdcached.sock [...]

     [--ff|----iimmggiinnffoo _p_r_i_n_t_f_s_t_r]

     After the image has been created, the graph function uses  printf  together
     with  this  format  string  to create output similar to the PRINT function,
     only that the printf function is supplied  with  the  parameters  _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e,
     _x_s_i_z_e and _y_s_i_z_e. In order to generate an IIMMGG tag suitable for including the
     graph into a web page, the command line would look like this:

      --imginfo '<IMG SRC="/img/%s" WIDTH="%lu" HEIGHT="%lu" ALT="Demo">'

     [--cc|----ccoolloorr _C_O_L_O_R_T_A_G#_r_r_g_g_b_b[_a_a]]

     Override  the  default  colors  for the standard elements of the graph. The
     _C_O_L_O_R_T_A_G is one of "BACK" background, "CANVAS" for the  background  of  the
     actual  graph, "SHADEA" for the left and top border, "SHADEB" for the right
     and bottom border, "GRID", "MGRID" for the major grid, "FONT" for the color
     of the font, "AXIS" for the axis of the graph, "FRAME" for the line  around
     the  color  spots,  and  finally "ARROW" for the arrow head pointing up and
     forward. Each color is composed out of three hexadecimal numbers specifying
     its rgb color component (00 is off, FF is maximum) of red, green and  blue.
     Optionally  you  may  add  another hexadecimal number specifying the trans‐
     parency (FF is solid). You may set this option several times to alter  mul‐
     tiple defaults.

     A green arrow is made by: "--color ARROW#00FF00"

     [----ggrriidd--ddaasshh _o_n::_o_f_f]

     by default the grid is drawn in a 1 on, 1 off pattern. With this option you
     can set this yourself

      --grid-dash 1:3    for a dot grid

      --grid-dash 1:0    for uninterrupted grid lines

     [----bboorrddeerr _w_i_d_t_h]

     Width in pixels for the 3d border drawn around the image. Default 2, 0 dis‐
     ables  the  border.  See "SHADEA" and "SHADEB" above for setting the border
     color.

     [----ddyynnaammiicc--llaabbeellss]

     Pick the shape of the color marker next to the label according to the  ele‐
     ment drawn on the graph.

     [--mm|----zzoooomm _f_a_c_t_o_r]

     Zoom the graphics by the given amount. The factor must be > 0

     [--nn|----ffoonntt _F_O_N_T_T_A_G::_s_i_z_e[::_f_o_n_t]]

     This  lets you customize which font to use for the various text elements on
     the RRD graphs. "DEFAULT" sets the default value for all elements,  "TITLE"
     for the title, "AXIS" for the axis labels, "UNIT" for the vertical unit la‐
     bel,  "LEGEND"  for  the graph legend, "WATERMARK" for the watermark on the
     edge of the graph.

     Use Times for the title: "--font TITLE:13:Times"

     Note that you need to quote the argument to ----ffoonntt if  the  font‐name  con‐
     tains whitespace: --font "TITLE:13:Some Font"

     If  you  do  not give a font string you can modify just the size of the de‐
     fault font: "--font TITLE:13:".

     If you specify the size 0 then you can modify just the font without  touch‐
     ing the size. This is especially useful for altering the default font with‐
     out resetting the default fontsizes: "--font DEFAULT:0:Courier".

     RRDtool comes with a preset default font. You can set the environment vari‐
     able "RRD_DEFAULT_FONT" if you want to change this.

     RRDtool  uses  Pango for its font handling. This means that you can use the
     full Pango syntax when selecting your font:

     The font name has the form "[_F_A_M_I_L_Y_‐_L_I_S_T]  [_S_T_Y_L_E_‐_O_P_T_I_O_N_S]  [_S_I_Z_E]",  where
     _F_A_M_I_L_Y_‐_L_I_S_T  is a comma separated list of families optionally terminated by
     a comma, _S_T_Y_L_E___O_P_T_I_O_N_S is a whitespace separated list of words  where  each
     WORD describes one of style, variant, weight, stretch, or gravity, and _S_I_Z_E
     is  a  decimal  number  (size in points) or optionally followed by the unit
     modifier "px" for absolute size. Any one of the options may be absent.

     [--RR|----ffoonntt--rreennddeerr--mmooddee {nnoorrmmaall,lliigghhtt,mmoonnoo}]

     There are 3 font render modes:

     nnoorrmmaall: Full Hinting and Anti‐aliasing (default)

     lliigghhtt: Slight Hinting and Anti‐aliasing

     mmoonnoo: Full Hinting and NO Anti‐aliasing

     [--BB|----ffoonntt--ssmmooootthhiinngg--tthhrreesshhoolldd _s_i_z_e]

     (this gets ignored in 1.3 for now!)

     This specifies the largest font size which will be rendered bitmapped, that
     is, without any font smoothing. By default, no text is rendered bitmapped.

     [--PP|----ppaannggoo--mmaarrkkuupp]

     All text in RRDtool is rendered using Pango. With  the  ----ppaannggoo--mmaarrkkuupp  op‐
     tion,  all text will be processed by pango markup. This allows one to embed
     some simple html like markup tags using

      <span key="value">text</span>

     Apart from the verbose syntax, there are  also  the  following  short  tags
     available.

      b     Bold
      big   Makes font relatively larger, equivalent to <span size="larger">
      i     Italic
      s     Strikethrough
      sub   Subscript
      sup   Superscript
      small Makes font relatively smaller, equivalent to <span size="smaller">
      tt    Monospace font
      u     Underline

     More  details  on  <http://developer.gnome.org/pango/stable/PangoMarkupFor‐
     mat.html>.

     [--GG|----ggrraapphh--rreennddeerr--mmooddee {nnoorrmmaall,mmoonnoo}]

     There are 2 render modes:

     nnoorrmmaall: Graphs are fully Anti‐aliased (default)

     mmoonnoo: No Anti‐aliasing

     [--EE|----ssllooppee--mmooddee]

     RRDtool graphs are composed of stair case curves by  default.  This  is  in
     line  with  the  way  RRDtool calculates its data. Some people favor a more
     ’organic’ look for their graphs even though it is not all that true.

     [--aa|----iimmggffoorrmmaatt PPNNGG|SSVVGG|EEPPSS|PPDDFF|XXMMLL|XXMMLLEENNUUMM|JJSSOONN|JJSSOONNTTIIMMEE|CCSSVV|TTSSVV|SSSSVV]

     Image format for the generated graph. For the vector formats you can choose
     among the  standard  Postscript  fonts  Courier‐Bold,  Courier‐BoldOblique,
     Courier‐Oblique, Courier, Helvetica‐Bold, Helvetica‐BoldOblique, Helvetica‐
     Oblique,  Helvetica,  Symbol,  Times‐Bold,  Times‐BoldItalic, Times‐Italic,
     Times‐Roman, and ZapfDingbats.

     For Export type you can define XML,  XMLENUM  (enumerates  the  value  tags
     <v0>,<v1>,<v2>,...),  JSON,  JSONTIME  (adds a timestamp to each data row),
     CSV (=comma separated values), TSV (=tab separated values), SSV (=semicolon
     separated values), (for comma/tab/semicolon separated values the time  for‐
     mat  by default is in the form of unix time. to change it to something else
     use: --x-grid MINUTE:10:HOUR:1:HOUR:4:0:"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

     For non‐image ----iimmggffoorrmmaatts see "OUTPUT FORMAT" in rrdxport for  details  on
     the output.

     [--ii|----iinntteerrllaacceedd]

     (this gets ignored in 1.3 for now!)

     If images are interlaced they become visible on browsers more quickly.

     [--TT|----ttaabbwwiiddtthh _v_a_l_u_e]

     By default the tab‐width is 40 pixels, use this option to change it.

     [--bb|----bbaassee _v_a_l_u_e]

     If  you are graphing memory (and NOT network traffic) this switch should be
     set to 1024 so that one Kb is 1024 byte. For traffic measurement, 1 kb/s is
     1000 b/s.

     [--WW|----wwaatteerrmmaarrkk _s_t_r_i_n_g]

     Adds the given string as a watermark, horizontally centered, at the  bottom
     of the graph.

     [--ZZ|----uussee--nnaann--ffoorr--aallll--mmiissssiinngg--ddaattaa]

     If one DS is missing, either because the RRD is not available or because it
     does  not contain the requested DS name, just assume that we got empty val‐
     ues instead of raising a fatal error.

     [----aadddd--jjssoonnttiimmee]

     Adds xxppoorrtt data in JJSSOONNTTIIMMEE format, giving both graph image data  and  data
     point values in one call to graphv command.

     [----uuttcc]

     Force the timezone to be UTC. Equivalent to doing TZ=UTC rrdtool graph ....
     This is useful to calculate daily average ranging from midnight to midnight
     rather than say the last 24 hours.

   DDaattaa aanndd vvaarriiaabblleess
     DDEEFF::_v_n_a_m_e==_r_r_d_f_i_l_e::_d_s_‐_n_a_m_e::_C_F[::sstteepp==_s_t_e_p][::ssttaarrtt==_t_i_m_e][::eenndd==_t_i_m_e]

     CCDDEEFF::_v_n_a_m_e==_R_P_N _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n

     VVDDEEFF::_v_n_a_m_e==_R_P_N _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n

     You  need  at  least one DDEEFF and one LLIINNEE, AARREEAA, GGPPRRIINNTT, PPRRIINNTT statement to
     generate anything useful.

     See rrdgraph_data and rrdgraph_rpn for the exact format.

     NOTE: GGrraapphh aanndd pprriinntt eelleemmeennttss

     You need at least one graph element to generate an image  and/or  at  least
     one print statement to generate a report.  See rrdgraph_graph for the exact
     format.

   ggrraapphhvv
     Calling  RRDtool with the graphv option will return information in the RRD‐
     tool info format. On the command line this means that all output will be in
     key=value format. When used from the Perl and Ruby bindings a hash  pointer
     will be returned from the call.

     When  the filename ’-’ is given, the contents of the graph itself will also
     be returned through this interface (hash key ’image’). On the command  line
     the output will look like this:

      print[0] = "0.020833"
      print[1] = "0.0440833"
      graph_left = 51
      graph_top = 22
      graph_width = 400
      graph_height = 100
      graph_start = 1232908800
      graph_end = 1232914200
      image_width = 481
      image_height = 154
      value_min = 0.0000000000e+00
      value_max = 4.0000000000e-02
      image = BLOB_SIZE:8196
      [... 8196 bytes of image data ...]

     There  is  more information returned than in the standard interface.  Espe‐
     cially the ’graph_*’ keys are new. They help applications that want to know
     what is where on the graph.

EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT VVAARRIIAABBLLEESS
     The following environment variables may be used to change the  behavior  of
     "rrdtool graph":

     RRRRDDCCAACCHHEEDD__AADDDDRREESSSS
         If  this  environment  variable  is set it will have the same effect as
         specifying the "--daemon" option on  the  command  line.  If  both  are
         present, the command line argument takes precedence.

     RRRRDD__DDEEFFAAUULLTT__FFOONNTT
         RRDtool  comes  with a preset default font. You can set the environment
         variable RRD_DEFAULT_FONT if you want to change this.

SSEEEE AALLSSOO
     rrdgraph gives an overview of how rrrrddttooooll ggrraapphh works.   rrdgraph_data  de‐
     scribes  DDEEFF,CCDDEEFF  and VVDDEEFF in detail.  rrdgraph_rpn describes the RRPPNN lan‐
     guage used in the ??DDEEFF statements.  rrdgraph_graph page  describes  all  of
     the graph and print functions.

     Make sure to read rrdgraph_examples for tips&tricks.

AAUUTTHHOORR
     Program by Tobias Oetiker <tobi@oetiker.ch>

     This  manual  page  by  Alex van den Bogaerdt <alex@vandenbogaerdt.nl> with
     corrections and/or additions by several people

1.11.0                             2026‐08‐08                        _R_R_D_G_R_A_P_H(1)
